The Ten Roads to Riches Read online

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  THE

  TEN ROADS

  TO

  RICHES

  THE WAYS THE WEALTHY

  GET THERE

  (AND HOW YOU CAN, TOO)

  Second Edition

  KEN FISHER

  WITH LARA W. HOFFMANS AND ELISABETH DELLINGER

  Cover image: (background) © tusumaru/Getty Images

  Cover design: Michael J. Freeland

  Copyright © 2017 by Fisher Investments. All rights reserved.

  Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

  Published simultaneously in Canada.

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  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

  Names: Fisher, Kenneth L., author. | Hoffmans, Lara, author. | Dellinger, Elisabeth, author.

  Title: The ten roads to riches : the ways the wealthy get there (and how you can too) / Ken Fisher ; with Lara Hoffmans and Elisabeth Dellinger.

  Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

  Identifiers: LCCN 2017004045 (print) | LCCN 2017014327 (ebook) | ISBN 978-1-118-44505-1 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 978-1-118-44503-7 (ePub) | ISBN 978-1-118-44507-5 (cloth)

  Subjects: LCSH: Success in business. | Wealth. | Success.

  Classification: LCC HF5386 (ebook) | LCC HF5386 .F415556 2017 (print) | DDC 332.024/01—dc23

  LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017004045

  CONTENTS

  Preface: Now, More Than Ever Why Now?

  The Times They Are A-Changin’, But Not By Much

  Same Roads, New Faces

  A Roadmap to the Ten Roads

  When You Come to A Fork in the Road, Take It

  Celebrity or No?

  A Sidetrack Off The Road

  The Right Road

  Acknowledgments

  About The Authors

  Chapter 1 The Richest Road Picking a Path

  Newer or Better?

  Built to Sell or Built to Last?

  Bootstrap or Finance?

  Public or Private?

  The Big Bull’s-Eye

  Founders Are Quitters—Just Do It

  Chapter 2 Pardon Me, That’s My Throne Gray Hair and Dues-Paying

  A CEO-volution (Through My Father’s Eyes)

  How to Lead

  How to Get the Job

  Aim Small . . . at First

  The Big Payday

  CEOs and Superheroes

  The Best Part

  Executive Education

  Chapter 3 Along for the Ride: Ride-Alongs Why Ride Along?

  Pick the Right Firm

  Be the Right Guy

  Ride-Along Reading

  Chapter 4 Rich . . . and Famous The Talent Show

  Potholes Ahead No One Sees!

  Mogul Meandering

  Read Your Way to Fame

  Chapter 5 Marry Well. Really Well How to Marry a Millionaire Billionaire

  Like a Fine Wine—Well Maintained

  Men Can Play, Too!

  Love, Marriage, and Money

  Do It by the Book

  Chapter 6 Steal It—Like a Pirate, But Legally Crusader or Pirate?

  Raider’s Road

  The Richest Legal Road

  Tort Us and the Scare

  Target Practice

  When a Pirate Becomes a Villain

  The Inside Track

  Chapter 7 OPM—Not Opium: Where Most of the Richest Are Basic OPM Career Rules

  Steps to OPM Wealth

  Hedge Your Bets

  Private Equity’s Big Bucks

  Don’t Break the Law

  Love Capitalism, Not Social Acceptance

  Chapter 8 Inventing Income The True Inventors

  Writing for Dollars

  Political Pensions—and Good News

  If You Can’t Be President . . .

  Think Tanks Run Amok—a Sham-Scam

  Monetized Reading

  Chapter 9 Trumping the Land Barons The Magic

  Monetize It

  The Fool’s Bargain

  Flippin’s for Friggin’ Losers

  Getting Started

  B
uy, Build, or Both?

  Where to Be and Not to Be; That Is the Question

  Baron Books

  Chapter 10 The Road More Traveled Income Matters

  Saving Grace

  Get a Good Rate of Return (Buy Stocks)

  The Right Strategy

  Bonds Are Riskier Than Stocks—Seriously

  Like Hetty?

  Reading for Dollars

  Index

  Eula

  List of Tables

  Chapter 2 Table 2.1

  Chapter 7 Table 7.1

  Table 7.2

  Table 7.3

  Table 7.4

  Chapter 9 Table 9.1

  List of Illustrations

  Chapter 10 Figure 10.1 Average Returns Aren’t Normal .

  Figure 10.2 Life Expectancy .

  Figure 10.3 Benchmark and Time Horizon

  Figure 10.4 Domestic and Foreign Leadership Trades Off .

  Figure 10.5 Real After-Tax US 10-Year Treasury Returns, 1926–2016

  Figure 10.6 Real After-Tax S&P 500 Returns, 1926–2016

  PREFACE

  NOW, MORE THAN EVER

  This book’s first version came out at the worst possible time: autumn 2008, when global markets seemed bound for hell in a handbasket.

  In hindsight, I’m lucky it merely fell through the cracks, escaping much notice as the global financial crisis wrecked markets and ended Wall Street as we knew it. The backlash over a book lauding wealth building—with tongue occasionally in cheek—at such a dark time could have been huge and harsh. “Look at old, out-of-touch Ken Fisher, fiddling with books while Wall Street crashes!” “Get rich? In this market? As if!” Most observers probably wouldn’t have cared that books have incredibly long lead times, that I did most of my writing over nights and weekends in 2007, or that the release date was scheduled months in advance, before anyone much cared about Lehman Brothers’ liquidity. Thank goodness for small mercies.

  At the same time, it also made me a little sad. I’ve always liked this little book. It was a departure for me—unlike my prior books, it wasn’t a heavy exploration of capital markets. Instead, it was (and is) a detailed micro and macro inspection of how really wealthy people got that way and how you could (still can!) get there, too—with many fun stories and personal anecdotes along the way. One of my goals was to help remove the stigma around wealth. Even back then, before “income inequality” became the hottest topic in political economics, there was a growing sense that wealth was something to be ashamed of. I’ve always believed the opposite: When you get rich in an appropriate way, you make the world a better place. You create wealth not just for yourself but for society. Others benefit from your efforts. I wanted folks to know how to do this back then, and I still do.

  WHY NOW?

  Since this book first appeared, society has only become more hostile to wealth, not less. We’ve had the Occupy Wall Street movement and the vilification of the so-called One Percent. The growing backlash against income and wealth inequality. Politicians building entire careers on wanting to cut the rich and corporations down to size and spread the wealth. Survey after survey showing millennials turning their backs on capitalism, desperate for a new system that “actually works.” Bernie Sanders’ barnstorming 2016 presidential campaign, where over 12 million Democratic primary voters picked the socialist senator’s “political revolution” against an “obscene” wealth gap “and corporate greed.”1 And of course the political rise of Donald Trump, a billionaire pitching himself as the champion of the forgotten everyman.

  So I probably look a little nuts for releasing this second edition now. Fine with me! It just makes this book all the more urgent. Most of the popular literature overstates inequality (more on this in a moment), but even so: Every person who newly becomes rich does their own little part to narrow the gap.

  Getting rich carries an element of self-interest some will find distasteful. Always has, probably always will. But that doesn’t negate the broader societal impact. If you get rich by building a business, you probably employ people and make their life better. Maybe you enable them to move to a better neighborhood, send their kids to good schools, and go on to wonderful things in life. Great! Or maybe you’ll create some new product or service that improves the environment, nutrition, public health, elder care, childhood learning, or whatever drives you. Maybe you’ll enrich our culture by entertaining people or writing hit songs. Maybe you’ll build your wealth by managing other people’s money, helping them reach their financial goals. Maybe you’ll be a land baron, renovating properties and giving folks a better place to live as you erase blight. All of these can boost society as well as your bank account.

  Becoming rich usually means doing good (as you will see) and often living an exciting life. Where would humans be today had Bob Noyce not coinvented the integrated circuit? He chose a path to riches and benefited the world immensely—rich, poor, in between, everyone. We’ll see that beneficent effect repeatedly in people who changed the world for the better, doing good, getting rich, and enjoying their lives. That’s a beyond-great thing for everyone. And it feels great to those who do it.

  It’s true that not everyone can become rich. But it’s clear to me that most people can—they just don’t know how. If more people knew how, we would have more rich people and the world would be a better place. It’s already on that road, with extreme poverty in decline around the world as the ranks of the wealthy spread across developed and emerging nations. With enough time and motivated people who know how to create wealth, we can erase poverty. There would still be a “wealth gap” of sorts, but those at the bottom would live like the top of society from generations past. Quality of life counts. It won’t happen in my lifetime or yours, but every person who ascends the rungs takes a small step toward a much better world. I’m asking you to read this book and then do your part.

  THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN’, BUT NOT BY MUCH

  These days, it’s fashionable to say the good times are over, that opportunities extant in the 1980s and 1990s are gone forever. People point to US real median household income’s 7.2 percent drop from 1999 to 2014 as evidence social mobility—and the middle class—is dead (2015’s 5.2 percent rise didn’t much calm them).2 Not so! Few fathom it, but it is just as possible to get rich now as it was 10, 20, even 50 years ago.

  To see it, step back. Take your focus off popular notions of income inequality. They get it all wrong. The most widely cited studies twist the definition of income, using pretax numbers and lumping capital gains with earned income—something even the IRS doesn’t do. They also ignore demographics like age and household size. By tracking household income alone, they compare a 23-year-old just starting out to the combined income of her parents, both working and in their prime earning years. That isn’t real inequality—just life.

  In 2015, the median US household earned $56,516. But the median married couple earned $84,626! The median single female householder earned just $37,797, while her single male counterpart earned $55,861. The number of earners matters. So does age! The median income for ages 35–54 topped $70,000. But the under-24 set earned just $36,108. The next-oldest, aged 25–34, earned $57,366—a big boost from progressing in their careers and moving above entry-level pay.3

  To put it another way: While the median household income might look rather blah over the last 25 years, it isn’t like individual households (or single earners) have been stuck at that one level or seen their fortunes dwindle. Actually, most of the data show people earn steadily more as they move through life. Measures that track actual people, rather than broad totals, like the Atlanta Federal Reserve’s Wage Growth Tracker, show strong income gains since the mid-1990s (you can find this online at https://www.frbatlanta.org/chcs/wage-growth-tracker.aspx).

  There will always be some disparity in income and wealth. Some people will take big risks that pay off, and they’ll be rewarded. Others won’t. They might make a pretty great living, but that doesn’t mean they’ll build billions
. And that’s OK! What matters is whether people still have the opportunity to hit it big.

  This is what the income-inequality backlash misses. By focusing on unequal outcomes, they overlook the more important issue: equality of opportunity. Or, more simply: Is America today still the same upwardly mobile society it was in decades past?

  Answer: Yes! A 2014 study by economists from Berkeley and Harvard, considered the gold standard on the topic, finds intergenerational mobility today is about where it was 20, even 50 years ago.4 You can debate whether the level of mobility is high enough (I’d love more mobility!), but if it hasn’t changed in five decades, that means it’s just as easy (or hard) for you to get rich now as it was before. The stories of the folks profiled in this book are as relevant now as they were when it was first published.

  That also means capitalism still works, by the way. I know it isn’t a sexy or popular thing to say. But that’s the first thing you need to understand if you’re going to read this book and try to join the One Percent.

  SAME ROADS, NEW FACES

  Most literature on wealth inequality derides those who control “capital,” painting dystopian visions of dynastic wealth controlling the planet—families narrowly hoarding most of the world’s money, leaving none for anyone else to gain. In reality, very few Forbes 400 members got rich solely by inheriting. Fully 266 are self-made, including 40 immigrants who lived the American dream. The rest are split between pure heirs (including a handful with “Walton” in their name) and those who built off inheritances but added to the pile. When the list started in the early 1980s, fewer than half had built their own fortunes.5 Some of the newest self-made billionaires, like Snapchat cofounder Evan Spiegel, weren’t alive when the first Forbes list was published.